System and method for portable on-demand central processing unit

ABSTRACT

A method and a system for providing a processor to a computer system through a removable CPU module. The processor on the removable CPU module may be shared by multiple computer systems by inserting the module into different computer systems at different times. Upon insertion of the removable CPU module into the computer system, the computer system detects and identifies the module. The computer system may determine a compatibility between the processor and the operating system as well as an access address of the processor, an addressing mode of the processor, a data transfer mode of the processor, etc. The computer system then loads the operating system, informs the operating system of the processors attributes, and initiates execution of the operating system using the processor on the removable CPU module.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates in general to a system and method forrunning a computer system using a portable CPU module. In particular,the present invention relates to a system and a method for using aremovable processor module having a processor and adapted to be insertedinto multiple computer systems in order to execute processorinstructions.

2. Description of the Related Art

Many computer users own multiple computer systems and/or other computingdevices. A user may own, for example, a desktop computer at home, adesktop computer at work, a portable laptop computer, and in addition, auser may own pocket-sized computing devices such as a personal dataassistant and a mobile phone.

Each computer system and device a user owns requires a separateprocessor. For example, a desktop personal computer and a personal dataassistant require two processors of different types. Separate processorsare required even for computers in the same family such as a Windowsdesktop personal computer and a Windows laptop personal computer even ifthey are not used at the same time.

Furthermore, computer systems are typically restricted to thecomputational power provided by the computer system's internalprocessor. Even if a user owns other processors (such as processors inthe user's other computer systems), the user cannot utilize thecomputational power of these processors in computer systems other thanthe ones in which the processors are installed.

What is needed, therefore, is a system and method that could provide auser with the capability of owning a single processor being able to beused on multiple computer systems. The system and method should alsoprovide the user with the ability to utilize additional processors on acomputer system having an existing processor in order for thecomputational load to be shared between the existing processor and theadditional processors for better computational power.

SUMMARY

It has been discovered that the aforementioned challenges can beaddressed by a method and a system that can provide a processor to acomputer system through a removable CPU module.

The removable CPU module containing the CPU is inserted into a computersystem, and the BIOS of the computer system detects the removable CPUmodule. The BIOS may identify the removable CPU module and determine anaccess address of the processor, an addressing mode of the processor, adata transfer mode of the processor, etc. The information may be storedin non-volatile memory on the removable CPU module.

The BIOS loads the operating system and initiates execution of theoperating system using the CPU on the removable CPU module. The BIOSalso sends to the operating system information about the CPU such as theaccess address of the processor, the addressing mode of the processor,and the data transfer mode of the processor.

In addition, the BIOS may determine a compatibility of the processorwith the operating system of the computer system. They BIOS may onlyload and execute the operating system in response to determining thatthe CPU and the operating system are compatible.

In response to the user requesting removal of the removable CPU module,a current state of the operating system is saved and the execution ofthe operating system is halted prior to the removal of the removable CPUmodule. The saved state of the operating system may be used to resumethe operating system upon reinsertion of the removable operating systemmodule into the computer system at a later time.

The foregoing is a summary and thus contains, by necessity,simplifications, generalizations, and omissions of detail; consequently,those skilled in the art will appreciate that the summary isillustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Otheraspects, inventive features, and advantages of the present invention, asdefined solely by the claims, will become apparent in the non-limitingdetailed description set forth below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention may be better understood, and its numerousobjects, features, and advantages made apparent to those skilled in theart by referencing the accompanying drawings. The use of the samereference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identicalitems.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an operating system module thatcan be interchanged between two computer systems;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a computer system adapted toaccept a module containing the CPU and non-volatile storage storing arunning image of the operating system;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a computer system adapted toaccept a module containing non-volatile storage storing a running imageof the operating system;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the state of a computer systemwith and without an operating system module inserted into the computersystem;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a process for inserting and removinga removable operating system module into and from a computer system;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a process for a BIOS detecting theremovable operating system module, loading the operating system, andpassing control to the operating system;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a process for discovering localdevices attached to the computer system;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a process for discovering remotedevices accessible by the computer system;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a process for initializingapplications to execute on the computer system;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a process for managing the operatingsystem after the operating system has been loaded;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a process for saving the operatingsystem state on the removable operating system module before removal ofthe module;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating the state of a computer systemwith and without an operating system/applications module inserted intothe computer system;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a process for inserting and removinga removable operating system/applications module into and from acomputer system;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a process for initializing localapplications to execute on the computer system

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a process for initializing module(module-stored) applications to execute on the computer system;

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a process for saving moduleapplications on the removable operating system/applications modulebefore removal of the module;

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a process for saving theapplications state on the removable operating system/applications modulebefore removal of the module;

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating the state of a computer systemwith and without a CPU module inserted into the computer system;

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating a process for inserting and removinga removable CPU module into and from a computer system;

FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating a process of the BIOS detecting theremovable CPU module and determining compatibility of the CPU on themodule and the computer system;

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a process of the BIOS loading theoperating system and beginning execution of the operating system usingthe CPU;

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating the state of a computer systemwith and without a CPU module (containing a second CPU) inserted intothe computer system;

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating a process for inserting and removinga removable CPU module into and from a computer system containing abuilt-in CPU;

FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating a process of the operating systemaccessing the second CPU and distributing part of the load to thesecondary CPU;

FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating the state of a computer systemwith and without an operating system/CPU module inserted into thecomputer system;

FIG. 26 is a flowchart illustrating a process for inserting and removinga removable operating system/CPU module into and from a computer system;

FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating a process for a BIOS detecting theremovable operating system/CPU module and determining compatibility ofthe operating system and CPU on the module and the computer system;

FIG. 28 is a block diagram illustrating the attachment of a device to acomputer system and the transfer of the device driver from anon-volatile storage on the device to the computer system;

FIG. 29 is a flowchart illustrating a process for attaching a device toa computer system and transferring the device driver from a non-volatilestorage on the device to the computer system;

FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating the communication in a portablelanguage such as XML of a computer system with a remote device driverregistry server to obtain information about device drivers of devicesstored on the server;

FIG. 31 is a flowchart illustrating a process for a computer systemcommunicating in a portable language such as XML with a remote devicedriver registry server to obtain information about device drivers ofdevices stored on the server;

FIG. 32 is a flowchart illustrating a process for establishingcommunication between a computer system and a remote service/device;

FIG. 33 is a block diagram illustrating a removable operating systemmodule containing security devices for preventing unauthorized access tothe device;

FIG. 34 is a flowchart illustrating a process for preventingunauthorized access to a removable operating system module using asecurity device on the module;

FIG. 35 is a flowchart illustrating a process for securing a removableoperating system module using a fingerprints scanner on the module;

FIG. 36 is a flowchart illustrating a process for securing a removableoperating system module using an eye retina scanner on the module;

FIG. 37 is a flowchart illustrating a process for securing a removableoperating system module using a keypad on the module for entering apassword;

FIG. 38 is a flowchart illustrating a process for preventingunauthorized access to a removable operating system module usingsecurity data provided by the user through the computer system;

FIG. 39 is a block diagram illustrating the manufacturing/programming ofa removable module;

FIG. 40 is a flowchart illustrating a process for manufacturing andprogramming operating system modules;

FIG. 41 is a flowchart illustrating a process of a user programming anoperating system module using a running operating system installationfile;

FIG. 42 is a flowchart illustrating a process of a user updating anoperating system module using a running operating system updateinstallation file;

FIG. 43 is a block diagram illustrating a personal computer having amodule interface;

FIG. 44 is a flowchart illustrating a process for manufacturing apersonal computer having a module interface and a module with differentconfiguration options attached to the module interface;

FIG. 45 is a flowchart illustrating a process for installing operatingsystem(s) on the computer system and/or the module;

FIG. 46 is a flowchart illustrating a process for installingapplication(s) on the computer system and/or the module;

FIG. 47 is a flowchart illustrating a process for installing CPU(s) onthe computer system and/or the module;

FIG. 48 is a block diagram illustrating an information handling systemthat is a simplified example of a computer system capable of performingthe operations described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following is intended to provide a detailed description of anexample of the invention and should not be taken to be limiting of theinvention itself. Rather, any number of variations may fall within thescope of the invention defined in the claims following the description.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an operating system module thatcan be interchanged between two computer systems. Computer system 110includes BIOS 115 for performing basic input/output for computer system110 prior to the loading of the operating system, non-volatile storage120 for storing applications installed on the computer system, users'settings, etc., and memory 125 for use as temporary storage during theoperation of the computer system. The BIOS, as referred to here, mayalso include the power on self test (POST). Computer system 110 alsoincludes additional device 130 (such as a printer), which includes thedevice's device driver 135. Device driver 135 is installed on computersystem 110 to facilitate the communication between computer system 110and additional device 110. Additional device 130 can provide devicedriver 135 to computer system 110 upon the connection of the additionaldevice 130 to computer system 110, and as a result, a user is notrequired to obtain the device driver for additional device 130 from adifferent source.

Computer system 110 also includes removable operating system moduleinterface 137, which can receive a removable operating system modulesuch as removable operating system module 180. Removable operatingsystem module 180 includes non-volatile memory 185 and operating systemexecution image 190. Upon inserting removable operating system module180 into removable operating system module interface 137, BIOS 115detects removable operating system module 180 and loads the operatingsystem execution image from removable operating system module 180 intomemory unit 125. BIOS 115 then initiates execution of the operatingsystem on computer system 110. The loaded operating system operates andcontrols computer system 110 and provides an interface betweennon-volatile storage 120, memory 120, BIOS 115, and additional device140.

Similarly, computer system 140 includes BIOS 145 for performing basicinput/output for computer system 140 prior to the loading of theoperating system, non-volatile storage 160 for storing applicationsinstalled on the computer system, users' settings, etc., and memory 165for use as temporary storage during the operation of the computersystem. Computer system 110 also includes additional device 170 (such asa printer), which includes the device's device driver 175. Device driver135 is installed on computer system 140 to facilitate the communicationbetween computer system 140 and additional device 170. Additional device170 can provide device driver 175 to computer system 140 upon theconnection of the additional device 170 to computer system 140, and as aresult, a user is not required to obtain the device driver foradditional device 170 from a different source. Computer system 140 alsoincludes removable operating system module interface 177, which canreceive a removable operating system module such as removable operatingsystem module 180.

Removable operating system module 180 can be removed from computersystem 110 and subsequently be inserted into computer system 140 withthe operating system on the module being able to run and control eithercomputer system. Upon inserting removable operating system module 180into removable operating system module interface 177, BIOS 145 detectsremovable operating system module 180 and loads the operating systemexecution image from removable operating system module 180 into memoryunit 165. BIOS 115 then initiates execution of the operating system oncomputer system 140 in a very similar way as in computer system 110. Theloaded operating system can now operate and control computer system 140and provides an interface between non-volatile storage 160, memory 165,BIOS 145, and additional device 170.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a computer system adapted toaccept a module containing the CPU and non-volatile storage storing arunning image of the operating system. A running image of the operatingsystem is a snapshot of the memory containing the initialized andexecuting operating system including executing internal operating systemtasks.

Computer system 201 includes CPU 294, which resides on removable module290. Removable module 290, which also includes nonvolatile RAM 292, canbe removed and reinserted into computer system 201. Removable module 290is coupled to host bus 202, which connects removable module 290 tocomputer system 201. Nonvolatile storage 292 contains operating systemrunning image 294, which, upon insertion of removable module 290 intocomputer system 201, is loaded and begins executing to operate andcontrol computer system 201.

A level two (L2) cache memory 204 is also coupled to host bus 202.Host-to-PCI bridge 206 is coupled to main memory 208, includes cachememory and main memory control functions, and provides bus control tohandle transfers among PCI bus 210, processor 200, L2 cache 204, mainmemory 208, and host bus 202. Main memory 208 is coupled to Host-to-PCIbridge 206 as well as host bus 202. Devices used solely by CPU 294, suchas LAN card 230, are coupled to PCI bus 210. Service Processor Interfaceand ISA Access Pass-through 212 provides an interface between PCI bus210 and PCI bus 214. In this manner, PCI bus 214 is insulated from PCIbus 210. Devices, such as flash memory 218, are coupled to PCI bus 214.In one implementation, flash memory 218 includes BIOS code thatincorporates the necessary processor executable code for a variety oflow-level system functions and system boot functions.

PCI bus 214 provides an interface for a variety of devices that areshared by CPU 294 and Service Processor 216 including, for example,flash memory 218. PCI-to-ISA bridge 235 provides bus control to handletransfers between PCI bus 214 and ISA bus 240, universal serial bus(USB) functionality 245, power management functionality 255, and caninclude other functional elements not shown, such as a real-time clock(RTC), DMA control, interrupt support, and system management bussupport. Nonvolatile RAM 220 is attached to ISA Bus 240. ServiceProcessor 216 includes JTAG and 12C buses 222 for communication with CPU294 during initialization steps. JTAG/I2C busses 222 are also coupled toL2 cache 204, Host-to-PCI bridge 206, and main memory 208 providing acommunications path between the processor, the Service Processor, the L2cache, the Host-to-PCI bridge, and the main memory. Service Processor216 also has access to system power resources for powering downinformation handling device 201.

Peripheral devices and input/output (I/O) devices can be attached tovarious interfaces (e.g., parallel interface 262, serial interface 264,keyboard interface 268, and mouse interface 270 coupled to ISA bus 240.Alternatively, many I/O devices can be accommodated by a super I/Ocontroller (not shown) attached to ISA bus 240.

In order to attach computer system 201 to another computer system tocopy files over a network, LAN card 230 is coupled to PCI bus 210.Similarly, to connect computer system 201 to an ISP to connect to theInternet using a telephone line connection, modem 275 is connected toserial port 264 and PCI-to-ISA Bridge 235.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a computer system adapted toaccept a module containing non-volatile storage storing a running imageof the operating system. Computer system 301 includes processor 300which is coupled to host bus 302. Removable module 390, which includesnonvolatile RAM 392, can be removed and reinserted into computer system301. Removable module 390 is coupled to host bus 302, which connectsremovable module 390 to computer system 301. Nonvolatile storage 392contains operating system running image 394, which, upon insertion ofremovable module 390 into computer system 301, is loaded and beginsexecuting to operate and control computer system 301.

A level two (L2) cache memory 304 is also coupled to host bus 302.Host-to-PCI bridge 306 is coupled to main memory 308, includes cachememory and main memory control functions, and provides bus control tohandle transfers among PCI bus 310, processor 300, L2 cache 304, mainmemory 308, and host bus 302. Main memory 308 is coupled to Host-to-PCIbridge 306 as well as to host bus 302. Devices used solely by hostprocessor(s) 300, such as LAN card 330, are coupled to PCI bus 310.Service Processor Interface and ISA Access Pass-through 312 provides aninterface between PCI bus 310 and PCI bus 314. In this manner, PCI bus314 is insulated from PCI bus 310. Devices, such as flash memory 318,are coupled to PCI bus 314. In one implementation, flash memory 318includes BIOS code that incorporates the necessary processor executablecode for a variety of low-level system functions and system bootfunctions.

PCI bus 314 provides an interface for a variety of devices that areshared by host processor(s) 300 and Service Processor 316 including, forexample, flash memory 318. PCI-to-ISA bridge 335 provides bus control tohandle transfers between PCI bus 314 and ISA bus 340, universal serialbus (USB) functionality 345, power management functionality 355, and caninclude other functional elements not shown, such as a real-time clock(RTC), DMA control, interrupt support, and system management bussupport. Nonvolatile RAM 320 is attached to ISA Bus 340. ServiceProcessor 316 includes JTAG and 12C busses 322 for communication withprocessor(s) 300 during initialization steps. JTAG/I2C busses 322 arealso coupled to L2 cache 304, Host-to-PCI bridge 306, and main memory308 providing a communications path between the processor, the ServiceProcessor, the L2 cache, the Host-to-PCI bridge, and the main memory.Service Processor 316 also has access to system power resources forpowering down information handling device 301.

Peripheral devices and input/output (I/O) devices can be attached tovarious interfaces (e.g., parallel interface 362, serial interface 364,keyboard interface 368, and mouse interface 370 coupled to ISA bus 340.Alternatively, many I/O devices can be accommodated by a super I/Ocontroller (not shown) attached to ISA bus 340.

In order to attach computer system 301 to another computer system tocopy files over a network, LAN card 330 is coupled to PCI bus 310.Similarly, to connect computer system 301 to an ISP to connect to theInternet using a telephone line connection, modem 375 is connected toserial port 364 and PCI-to-ISA Bridge 335.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the state of a computer systemwith and without an operating system module inserted into the computersystem. Computer system 410 includes BIOS 428 for performing basicinput/output functions prior to the execution of the operating system,CPU 430 for processing instructions for running and controlling computersystem 410, non-volatile storage 434 for storing installed applications,user settings, etc., and RAM 412 for temporary storage while computersystem 410 is operating.

In addition, computer system 410 includes removable operating systemmodule interface 425, which is capable of receiving removable operatingsystem module 424. Removable operating system module 424 includesoperating system running image 426 in non-volatile storage.

Upon insertion of removable operating system module 424 into removableoperating system module interface 425, BIOS 428 loads operating systemrunning image 426 from the non-volatile storage of removable operatingsystem module 424 into RAM 412 (operating system RAM 414) and initiatesexecution of the operating system.

Subsequently, the operating system loads from non-volatile storage 434any device drivers required for any external devices connected tocomputer system 410 (device drivers RAM 416), input/output configuration(I/O configuration RAM 418), and any requested applications (applicationRAM 420).

Upon removal of the removable operating system module 424 from computersystem 410, the loading process is reversed. The current state of theoperating system is updated on removable operating system module 424 andapplication information, I/O configuration and device drivers areupdated on non-volatile storage 434. Upon removal, the removableoperating system module can be inserted into another compatible computersystem such that the module's operating system can now control andoperate the other computer system.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a process for inserting and removinga removable operating system module into and from a computer system.Processing begins at 500 whereupon, at step 510, a user inserts aremovable operating system module into a computer system adapted toreceive the module. The removable operating system module contains arunning image of the operating system, which is stored on non-volatilestorage on the module. At step 515, the BIOS of the computer systemdetects the removable operating system module upon insertion and beginsloading the operating system from the non-volatile storage on the moduleto the RAM of the computer system. After the operating system finishesloading, the BIOS initiates execution of the operating system and thenpasses control to the operating system. The flowchart in FIG. 6 providesmore details on the processing that takes place at step 515.

At step 520, the operating system discovers the local devices attachedto this computer. The operating system compares a list containing thedevices prior to the removal of a removable operating system module fromthis computer system to the currently discovered devices and updates thelist of devices accordingly. The flowchart in FIG. 7 provides moredetails on the processing that takes place at step 520.

At step 525, the operating system discovers any remote devices that wereaccessible by the computer system or by the user when the user was usinga different computer system. The flowchart in FIG. 8 provides moredetails on the processing that takes place at step 525. The flowchart inFIG. 9 provides more details on the processing that takes place at step525.

At step 530, the operating system initializes the applications that werehibernated or otherwise suspended prior to the last removal of aremovable operating system module from the computer system.

At step 535, the operating system manages the computer system. Theoperating system performs tasks requested by the user or by theexecuting applications. The flowchart in FIG. 10 provides more detailson the processing that takes place at step 535.

A determination is then made as to whether the user has requestedremoval of the removable operating system module at decision 540. If theuser has not yet requested removal of the removable operating systemmodule, decision 540 branches to “no” branch 550 and loops back to step535 whereupon the operating system continues to perform any requestedtasks.

If the user has requested removal of the removable operating systemmodule, decision 540 branches to “yes” branch 545 and processingcontinues at step 555 whereupon the state of the operating system issaved on the removable operating system module. The flowchart in FIG. 11provides more details on the processing that takes place at step 555.

At step 560, after all preparations for the removal of the removableoperating system module have been performed, the user is notified, “It'sSafe to Remove Module”, and at step 565, the user removes the removableoperating system module. Processing ends at 599.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a process of the BIOS detecting theremovable operating system module, loading the operating system, andpassing control to the operating system. Processing begins at 600whereupon, at step 610, the BIOS detects the inserted removableoperating system module. The removable operating system module may, forexample, include plug-and-play type functionality in order to providethe computer system with initial information about the module.

At step 615, the BIOS loads the running image of the operating systemfrom the removable operating system module to the RAM of the computersystem. In loading the operating system, the BIOS may directly copy therunning image of the operating system to RAM, or the BIOS may map themodule's memory addresses to RAM addresses to run the operating systemfrom the module, or the BIOS may restore an image of the operatingsystem from a hibernated saved state on the module to the RAM, or acombination of the above. To establish a mapping between the memoryaddresses on the removable operating system module and the RAM of thecomputer system, base addresses can be assigned, for example, by apredetermined automatic assignment at insertion time, or by having abase address in the RAM reserved for the operating system, or by usinghardware pin detection and relocation.

At step 620, the BIOS prompts the user whether to resume execution ofthe operating system or restart the operating system by effectivelyrebooting the system or reinitializing the module. At step 625, theuser's input is received.

A determination is then made as to whether the user has selected torestart the operating system at decision 625. If the user has selectedto restart the system, decision 625 branches to “yes” branch 635whereupon, at step 655, the restart entry point for the operating systemis obtained from the module. The operating system restart point is savedon the module either during an initial creation of the module or whenthe state of the operating system is saved on the module prior to theremoval of the module from the computer system. The restart entry pointrepresents a point where processing is reinitialized withoutconsideration of the previous status of the operating system prior tothe last removal of the removable operating system module. At step 660,the operating system begins executing at the restart entry point.Subsequently, processing ends at 699.

If the user has not selected to restart the system but instead hasselected to resume the operating system, decision 625 branches to “no”branch 640 whereupon, at step 645, the resume entry point for theoperating system is obtained from the module. The operating systemresume point is saved on the module prior to the last removal of themodule from the computer system. The resume entry point represents apoint where processing stopped just before the state of the operatingsystem was saved on the removable operating system module. At step 650,the operating system begins executing from the resume entry point.Subsequently, processing ends at 699.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a process for discovering localdevices attached to the computer system. Processing begins at 700whereupon a determination is made as to whether a local device driverconfiguration file exists on the non-volatile storage of the localcomputer system at decision 710. If a device driver configuration filedoes not exist, decision 710 branches to “no” branch 714 whereupon, atstep 736, the local device driver configuration file is created.Processing subsequently continues at decision 738. The device driverconfiguration file contains a list of all the local devices that wereconnected to the computer system prior to the last time the computersystem was hibernated, suspended, or shut down. This list may notnecessarily reflect the current presence of devices since new devicesmay have been added and old devices may have been disconnected since thelast time the computer system was operational.

If the device driver configuration file exists, decision 710 branches to“yes” branch 712 whereupon the device driver configuration file isloaded from the local computer system. At step 718, the first devicefrom the configuration file is selected, and a determination is thenmade as to whether the selected device is currently connected to thecomputer system at decision 720. If the device is not available,decision 720 branches to “no” branch 722 whereupon the selected deviceis deleted from the device driver configuration file at step 726.Processing then continues at decision 728. If the selected device isavailable, decision 720 branches to “yes” branch 724 skipping thedeletion step.

At decision 728, a determination is made as to whether more devicedrivers exist in the list of the device driver configuration file thatrequire examination. If more device drivers exist, decision 728 branchesto “yes” branch 732 whereupon, at step 734, the next device driver isselected and processing loops back to decision 720. If there are no moredevice drivers in the device driver configuration file, decision 728branches to “no” branch 730 whereupon processing continues at decision738.

At decision 738, a determination is made as to whether any new deviceshave been connected to the computer system since the last time thecomputer system was turned on. If no new devices are present, decision738 branches to “no” branch 740, the device driver configuration file isnot updated further, and processing ends at 799. If new devices arepresent, decision 738 branches to “yes” branch 742 whereupon the firstnew device discovered is selected at step 746. At step 746, the devicedriver corresponding to the newly discovered device is determined andloaded. Any registries of the operating system are updated accordingly.In addition, the local device driver configuration file is updated toinclude the newly discovered device.

A determination is then made as to whether more new devices exist thatrequire registration at decision 748. If no more new devices exist,decision 748 branches to “no” branch 750 whereupon processing ends at799. If more new devices exist, decision 748 branches to “yes” branch752 whereupon, at step 754, the next new device is selected and thenprocessing loops back to 746 in order for the new device to be set upand the appropriate files updated.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a process for discovering remotedevices accessible by the computer system. Processing begins at 800. Adetermination is then made as to whether a remote device driverconfiguration file exists on the local computer system at decision 810.If the remote device driver configuration file does not exist on thecomputer system, decision 810 branches to “no” branch 814 whereuponprocessing continues at decision 818.

If the remote device driver configuration file exists on the computersystem, decision 810 branches to “yes” branch 812 whereupon the remotedevice driver configuration file is loaded to obtain a list of theremote devices the computer system was connected to the last time thecomputer system was on. Processing then continues at decision 818.

At decision 818, a determination is made as to whether a remote devicedriver configuration file exists on the removable operating systemmodule. A separate remote device driver configuration file may be kepton the module for remote devices preferred by the module's user. If theremote device driver configuration file does not exist, decision 818branches to “no” branch 820 whereupon processing continues at step 826.If the remote device driver configuration file does exist, decision 818branches to “yes” branch 822 whereupon, at step 824, the remote devicedriver configuration file is loaded from the module. Processing thencontinues at step 826.

At step 826, the first remote device driver is selected, and at step828, the remote device driver registry server is contacted to determinewhether the remote device is still available. A determination is thenmade as to whether the device is available at decision 830. If thedevice is not still available, decision 830 branches to “no” branch 834whereupon processing continues at decision 838.

If the device is not still available, decision 830 branches to “yes”branch 832 whereupon, at step 836, the remote device driver registryserver is contacted to receive the necessary information to install thedevice. The flowchart in FIG. 31 provides more details on the processingthat takes place at step 836.

A determination is then made as to whether more drivers exist thatrequire examination at decision 838. If no more drivers exist requiringexamination, decision 838 branches to “no” branch 840 whereuponprocessing ends at 899. If more drivers exist requiring examination,decision 838 branches to “yes” branch 842 whereupon, at step 844, a newdevice driver is selected and processing then loops back to step 828 toexamine the selected driver.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a process for initializingapplications to execute on the computer system. These are applicationsthat were executing on the computer system and were hibernated orsuspended the last time the removable operating system module wasremoved from the computer system. Processing begins at 900 whereupon, atstep 910, the operating system loads the application state data filefrom the removable operating system module. The application state datafile includes information such as the file the user was working on, theposition in the file where editing was taking place, etc.

A determination is then made as to whether more applications exist thatrequire resume at decision 912. If there are no applications requiringresume, decision 912 branches to “no” branch 916 whereupon processingends at 999. If applications requiring resume exist, decision 912branches to “yes” branch 914 whereupon, at step 918, the first suchapplication is selected.

A determination is then made as to whether the selected application isavailable on the current computer system at decision 920. The user ofthe operating system module may have executing an application on aprevious computer system that is not available or not installed on thecurrent computer system. If the application is not available on thecurrent computer system, decision 920 branches to “no” branch 924whereupon the application's state information is retained on theapplication state data file. The information is retained to enablepossible reinstatement of the corresponding application on a futurecomputer system. Processing then continues at decision 928.

If the application is available on the current computer system, decision920 branches to “yes” branch 922 whereupon the launching of theapplication begins. At step 934, an appropriate amount of memory forlaunching the application is reserved by the operating system, and atstep 936, the corresponding executable is executed to launch theapplication. At step 938, the operating system, using the data from theapplications state data file, reinstates the application to the statepreviously left by the user of the module. For example, if theapplication is Microsoft Word, the file the user was last editing islaunched, the editing position is set to the last editing position, thetoolbar configuration is set to the last toolbar configuration, etc.Processing then continues at decision 928.

At decision 928, a determination is made as to whether more applicationsrequire resume. If there are no more applications requiring resume,decision 928 branches to “no” branch 932 whereupon processing ends at999. If there are more applications requiring resume, decision 928branches to “yes” branch 930 whereupon, at step 940, the nextapplication is selected and processing loops back to decision 920 tocontinue the resuming process.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a process for managing the operatingsystem after the operating system has been loaded. Processing begins at1000 whereupon, at step 1010, the operating system waits for the user'sor an application's task request. The requested task could be, forexample, printing, inputting text, displaying graphics, performing acalculation, etc. At decision 1015 a determination is made as to whethera task has been requested. If a task has not been requested, decision1015 branches to “no” branch 1025 whereupon processing loops back tostep 1010 and the operating system continues to wait for a task request.

If a task has been requested, decision 1015 branches to “yes” branch1020 whereupon a determination is made as to whether the executables andother files required to complete the task are already loaded in RAM atdecision 1030. Some parts of the operating system may not be loaded inRAM but may be left in the non-volatile storage of the removableoperating system module. If all the necessary files are already loaded,decision 1030 branches to “yes” branch 1035 whereupon processingcontinues at step 1050.

If not all the necessary files for performing the requested task areloaded, decision 1030 branches to “no” branch 1040 whereupon, at step1045, the remaining required files are loaded from the non-volatilestorage of the removable operating system module. At step 1050, therequested task is executed by the operating system. Processingsubsequently loops back to step 1010 where the operating systemcontinues to wait for another task request.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a process for saving the operatingsystem state on the removable operating system module before removal ofthe module. Processing begins at 1100 whereupon the removable operatingsystem module removal application is executed by the operating system. Adetermination is then made as to whether there are any applications orprocesses that are still executing at decision 1115. If there are nomore applications or processes left executing, decision 1115 branches to“no” branch 1125 and processing continues at step 1150.

If there are applications or processes still executing, decision 1115branches to “yes” branch 1120 whereupon the next application or processexecuting is selected at step 1130. At step 1135, the operating systemstops executing the process or application, and at step 1140, theapplication's or process' state information is saved into theapplication's state information data file on the removable operatingsystem module. If the file does not exist, a new file is created. Forexample, if the application is Word, the last editing position, thetoolbar configuration, etc. are saved. At step 1145, the names of anyfiles currently being accessed by applications are saved on theremovable operating system module. The next time the module will beinserted into the computer system, the appropriate files will be openedwith the appropriate application at the appropriate editing point.

At step 1150, the current status of the operating system is saved on themodule. This information will be used to restart the operating systemthe next time the module is inserted into a computer system. Theoperating system status includes items such as desktop layout, shortcutslist, color scheme, and other user preferences.

At step 1155, the last operating system execution point is determinedand saved on the removable operating system module as the “resume”point. The “resume” point can be used when the operating system is againloaded from the removable operating system module and the user choosesto resume the operating system from the last execution point as opposedto restarting the operating system.

At step 1160, information on the remote device drivers is saved in theremote device driver configuration file on the module. This informationcan be used in order to reconnect to the available remote devices nexttime the removable operating system module is inserted into a computersystem. At step 1165, any other non-computer system-specific data (i.e.,data associated only with the module) is also saved on the removableoperating system module.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating the state of a computer systemwith and without an operating system/applications module inserted intothe computer system. Computer system 1210 includes BIOS 1228 forperforming basic input/output functions prior to the execution of theoperating system, CPU 1230 for processing instructions for running andcontrolling computer system 1210, non-volatile storage 1234 for storinginstalled applications, user settings, etc., and RAM 1212 for temporarystorage while computer system 1210 is operating.

In addition, computer system 1210 includes removable operatingsystem/applications module interface 1225, which is capable of receivingremovable operating system/applications module 1224. Removable operatingsystem/applications module 1224 includes operating system running image1226 in non-volatile storage as well as running images of one or moreapplications.

Upon insertion of removable operating system/applications module 1224into removable operating system/applications module interface 1225, BIOS1228 loads operating system and applications running image 1226 from thenon-volatile storage of removable operating system/applications module1224 into RAM 1212 (operating system RAM 1214 and applications RAM 1220)and initiates execution of the operating system. The executing operatingsystem then resumes execution of the loaded applications.

Subsequently, the operating system loads from non-volatile storage 1234any device drivers required for any external devices connected tocomputer system 1210 (device drivers RAM 1216), input/outputconfiguration (I/O configuration RAM 1218), and any requestedapplications (application RAM 1220). Applications may also reside innon-volatile storage 1230 in addition to non-volatile storage 1224 onmodule 1222.

Upon removal of the removable operating system/applications module 1224from computer system 1210, the loading process is reversed. The currentstate of the operating system and module applications is updated onremovable operating system/applications module 1224 and localapplication information, I/O configuration and device drivers areupdated on non-volatile storage 1234. Upon removal, the removableoperating system/applications module can be inserted into anothercompatible computer system such that the module's operating system cannow control and operate the other computer system and the module'sapplications can execute on the other computer system.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a process for inserting and removinga removable operating system/applications module into and from acomputer system. Processing begins at 1300 whereupon, at step 1310, auser inserts a removable operating system/applications module into acomputer system adapted to receive the module. The removable operatingsystem/applications module contains a running image of an operatingsystem as well as running images of one or more applications, which arestored on non-volatile storage on the module. The applications on theremovable operating system/applications module can be taken with themodule to different computer systems requiring only one license perapplication per module. In addition, the module provides a central pointof maintaining the applications as opposed to maintaining multiplecopies of the same application on different computer systems.

At step 1312, the BIOS of the computer system detects the removableoperating system/applications module upon insertion and begins loadingthe running image of the operating system from the non-volatile storageon the module to the RAM of the computer system. After the operatingsystem finishes loading, the BIOS initiates execution of the operatingsystem and then passes control to the operating system. The flowchart inFIG. 6 provides more details on the processing that takes place at step1312.

At step 1314, the operating system discovers the local devices attachedto this computer. The operating system compares a list containing thedevices prior to the removal of the removable operating system modulefrom this computer system to the currently discovered devices andupdates the list of devices accordingly. The flowchart in FIG. 8provides more details on the processing that takes place at step 1314.

At step 1316, the operating system discovers any remote devices thatwere accessible by the computer system or by the user when the user wasusing a different computer system. The flowchart in FIG. 8 provides moredetails on the processing that takes place at step 1316.

At step 1318, the operating system initializes the local applicationsthat were hibernated or otherwise suspended prior to the last removal ofthe removable operating system module from the computer system. Localapplications are applications that are resident on the computer systemas opposed to module applications that are resident on the removableoperating system/applications module. The flowchart in FIG. 14 providesmore details on the processing that takes place at step 1318.

At step 1320, the operating system loads and resumes the moduleapplications that are resident on the removable operatingsystem/applications module and can execute on the current computersystem. The flowchart in FIG. 15 provides more details on the processingthat takes place at step 1320.

At step 1322, the operating system manages the computer system. Theoperating system performs tasks requested by the user or by theexecuting applications. The flowchart in FIG. 10 provides more detailson the processing that takes place at step 1322.

A determination is then made as to whether the user has requestedremoval of the removable operating system module at decision 1324. Ifthe user has not yet requested removal of the removable operating systemmodule, decision 1324 branches to “no” branch 1328 and loops back tostep 13 whereupon the operating system continues to perform requestedtasks.

If the user has requested removal of the removable operating systemmodule, decision 1324 branches to “yes” branch 1326 and processingcontinues to step 1330 whereupon the state of the operating system issaved on the removable operating system module. The flowchart in FIG. 16provides more details on the processing that takes place at step 1330.

At step 1332, the state of the module applications is saved on theremovable operating system/applications module. Changes to anapplication's state may include a change to the toolbars or menus of theapplications, change to preferred file locations, current file beingedited and editing position, and other user specific settings andpreferences. The flowchart in FIG. 17 provides more details on theprocessing that takes place at step 1332.

At step 1334, after all preparations for the removal of the removableoperating system module have been performed, the user is notified, “It'sSafe to Remove Module”, and at step 1336, the user removes the removableoperating system module. Processing ends at 1399.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a process for initializing localapplications to execute on the computer system. Processing begins at1400 whereupon, at step 1410, the operating system loads the applicationstate data file from the removable operating system/applications module.The application state data file includes information such as the filethe user was working on, the position in the file where editing wastaking place, etc.

A determination is then made as to whether more local applications existthat require resuming at decision 1412. If there are no localapplications requiring resuming, decision 1412 branches to “no” branch1416 whereupon processing ends at 1499. If local applications requiringresume exist, decision 1412 branches to “yes” branch 1414 whereupon, atstep 1418, the first such local application is selected.

A determination is then made as to whether the selected localapplication is available on the current computer system at decision1420. The user of the operating system module may have been executing alocal application on a previous computer system that is not available ornot installed on the current computer system. If the local applicationis not available on the current computer system, decision 1420 branchesto “no” branch 1424 whereupon the local application's state informationis retained on the local application state data file. The information isretained to enable reinstatement of the corresponding local applicationon a future computer system having the local application available.Processing then loops back to decision 1412.

If the local application is available on the current computer system,decision 1420 branches to “yes” branch 1422 whereupon the launching ofthe local application begins. At step 1426, an appropriate amount ofmemory for launching the local application is reserved by the operatingsystem, and at step 1428, the corresponding executable is executed tolaunch the local application. At step 1430, the operating system, usingthe data from the local applications state data file, reinstates thelocal application to the state previously left by the user of themodule. For example, if the local application is Word, the file the userwas last editing is launched, the editing position is set to the lastediting position, the toolbar configuration is set to the lastconfiguration, etc. Processing then loops back to decision 1412.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a process for initializing module(module-stored) applications to execute on the computer system.Processing begins at 1500 whereupon, at step 1510, the operating systemloads the application state data file from the removable operatingsystem/applications module. The application state data file includesinformation such as the file the user was working on, the position inthe file where editing was taking place, etc. In addition, a runningimage of the applications may be saved by saving an image of theapplications' RAM space.

A determination is then made as to whether more module applicationsexist that require resuming at decision 1512. If there are no moduleapplications requiring resuming, decision 1512 branches to “no” branch1516 whereupon processing ends at 1599. If module applications requiringresume exist, decision 1512 branches to “yes” branch 1514 whereupon, atstep 1518, the first such module application is selected.

A determination is then made as to whether the selected moduleapplication can execute on (is compatible with) the current computersystem at decision 1520. If the module application is not available onthe current computer system, decision 1520 branches to “no” branch 1524whereupon the module application's state information is retained on themodule application state data file. The information is retained toenable reinstatement of the corresponding module application on a futurecomputer system where the module application is compatible. Processingthen loops back to decision 1512.

If the module application is compatible with the current computersystem, decision 1520 branches to “yes” branch 1522 whereupon thelaunching of the module application begins. At step 1526, an appropriateamount of memory for launching the module application is reserved by theoperating system, and at step 1528, the running image of the applicationis loaded from the module. Other state information required to resumethe application, such as the last point of execution of the application,is also loaded from the module. At step 1530, the operating system,begins executing at the recovered resume point. Processing then loopsback to decision 1512.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a process for saving moduleapplications on the removable operating system/applications modulebefore removal of the module. Processing begins at 1600 whereupon theremovable operating system/applications module removal application isexecuted by the operating system. A determination is then made as towhether there are any local applications or processes that are stillexecuting at decision 1615. If there are no more local applications orprocesses left executing, decision 1615 branches to “no” branch 1625 andprocessing continues at step 1650.

If there are local applications or processes still executing, decision1615 branches to “yes” branch 1620 whereupon the next local applicationor process executing is selected at step 1630. At step 1635, theoperating system stops executing the process or local application, andat step 1640, the local application's or process' state information issaved into the local application's state information data file on theremovable operating system/applications module. For example, if thelocal application is Word, the last editing position, the toolbarconfiguration, etc. are saved. If the file does not exist, a new file iscreated. At step 1645, the names of any files currently being accessedby local applications are saved on the removable operatingsystem/applications module. The next time the module is inserted intothe computer system, the appropriate files will be opened with theappropriate local application at the appropriate editing point.

At step 1650, the current status of the operating system is saved on themodule. This information will be used to restart the operating systemthe next time the module is inserted into a computer system. Theoperating system status includes items such as desktop layout, shortcutslist, color scheme, and other user preferences.

At step 1655, the last operating system execution point is determinedand saved on the removable operating system/applications module as the“resume” point. The “resume” point can be used when the operating systemis again loaded from the removable operating system/applications moduleand the user chooses to resume the operating system from the lastexecution point as opposed to restarting the operating system.

At step 1660, information on the remote device drivers is saved in theremote device driver configuration file on the module. This informationcan be used in order to reconnect to the available remote devices thenext time the removable operating system/applications module is insertedinto a computer system. At step 1665, any other non-computersystem-specific data (i.e., data associated only with the module) isalso saved on the removable operating system/applications module.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a process for saving theapplications state on the removable operating system/applications modulebefore removal of the module. Processing begins at 1700 whereupon, atdecision 1710, a determination is made as to whether there are moreexecuting module applications whose state requires saving on theremovable operating system/applications module. If there are no moremodule applications requiring saving, decision 1710 branches to “no”branch 1720, and subsequently ends at 1799.

If there are more module applications requiring saving, decision 1710branches to “yes” branch 1715 whereupon, at step 1723, the next moduleapplication is selected. At step 1725, the operating system stopsexecution of the module application, and at step 1730, the current stateof the selected module application is saved on the removable operatingsystem/applications module. The state of the application may include thefile currently being edited, the editing position, the toolbar and menulayout, and other user's preferences.

At step 1735, the last execution point of the application is determined.The last execution is then saved on the module as “resume” point at step1740. The execution point may be used to later resume execution of theapplication where execution was halted.

Processing then loops back to decision 1710 to determine whether moreapplications exist that require saving of the application's state.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating the state of a computer systemwith and without a CPU module inserted into the computer system.Computer system 1810 includes BIOS 1850 for performing basicinput/output functions prior to the execution of the operating system,non-volatile storage 1855 for storing installed applications and theinstalled operating system, user settings, etc., and RAM 1820 fortemporary storage while computer system 1810 is operating.

In addition, computer system 1810 includes module interface 1860, whichis adapted to receive CPU module 1840. CPU module 1840 includes CPU1845, which, after connecting CPU module 1840 to the computer system1810, can begin executing operating system instructions.

Upon insertion of removable CPU module 1840 into module interface 1860,BIOS 1850 detects the module and begins loading the operating systemfrom non-volatile storage 1855 into RAM 1815 (operating system RAM1820). After loading the operating system, BIOS 1815 initiates executionof the operating system using CPU 1845 of CPU module 1840.

Subsequently, the operating system loads from non-volatile storage 1855any device drivers required for any external devices connected tocomputer system 1810 (device drivers RAM 1825), input/outputconfiguration (I/O configuration RAM 1830), and any requestedapplications (application RAM 1835).

Upon removal of the removable operating system module 1824 from computersystem 1810, the loading process is reversed. The state of the operatingsystem is saved on non-volatile storage 1855 and applicationinformation, I/O configuration, and device drivers are updated onnon-volatile storage 1855. Upon removal, the removable CPU module can beinserted into another compatible computer system such that the module'sCPU can operate the other computer system.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating a process for inserting and removinga removable CPU module into and from a computer system. Processingbegins at 1900 whereupon at 1910, a user inserts a removable CPU moduleinto a computer system adapted to receive the removable CPU module.

At step 1915, the BIOS detects the removable CPU module and determines acompatibility between the CPU and computer system. The flowchart in FIG.20 provides more details on the processing that takes place at step1915.

A determination is then made as to whether the CPU was determined to becompatible with the computer system at decision 1920. If the CPU isincompatible with the computer system, decision 1920 branches to “no”branch 1930 whereupon, at step 1945, the user is notified of theincompatibility, and at step 1999 processing ends.

If the CPU is compatible with the computer system, decision 1920branches to “yes” branch 1925 whereupon, at step 1935, the operatingsystem is loaded and begins executing using the CPU on the removable CPUmodule. The flowchart in FIG. 21 provides more details on the processingthat takes place at step 1935.

At step 1950, the operating system manages the computer system. Theoperating system performs tasks requested by the user or by theexecuting applications. The flowchart in FIG. 10 provides more detailson the processing that takes place at step 1950.

A determination is then made as to whether the user has requestedremoval of the removable operating system module at decision 1955. Ifthe user has not yet requested removal of the removable operating systemmodule, decision 1955 branches to “no” branch 1965 and loops back tostep 1950 whereupon the operating system continues to perform requestedtasks.

If the user has requested removal of the removable operating systemmodule, decision 1955 branches to “yes” branch 1960 and processingcontinues at step 1970 whereupon the state of the operating system issaved on the removable operating system module. The flowchart in FIG. 11provides more details on the processing that takes place at step 1970.

At step 1975, after all preparations for the removal of the removableoperating system module have been performed, the user is notified, “It'sSafe to Remove Module”, and at step 1980, the user removes the removableoperating system module. Processing ends at 1999.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating a process of the BIOS detecting theremovable CPU module and determining a compatibility of the CPU on themodule and the computer system. Processing begins at 2000 whereupon, atstep 2010, the BIOS detects the inserted CPU module. The CPU module maybe detected, for example, using a plug-and-play type protocol.

A determination is then made as to whether the removable CPU module hasbeen inserted in this computer system before. If the removable CPUmodule has not been inserted in this computer before, decision 2015branches to “no” branch 2020 whereupon processing continues at step2035. If the removable CPU module has been inserted in this computerbefore, decision 2015 branches to “yes” branch 2025 whereupon adetermination is made as to whether a file containing the CPUinformation exists on a non-volatile storage on the computer system atdecision 2026. If the file containing CPU information exists on thecomputer system, decision 2026 branches to “yes” branch 2028 whereupon,at step 2030, the file containing the CPU information is loaded and CPUinformation such as the CPU's access address, the CPU's addressing mode,and the CPU's data transfer method, etc.

If the file containing CPU information does not exist on the computersystem, decision 2026 branches to “no” branch 2029 whereupon, at step2035, the CPU is queried to provide the CPU's access address, the CPU'saddressing mode, the CPU's data transfer mode, etc. At step 2030, theprovided data such as the CPU's access address, the CPU's addressingmode, the CPU's data transfer mode, etc. is saved in a file on anon-volatile storage on the computer system in order to be used duringfuture insertions of the removable CPU module into the computer system.Processing subsequently ends at 2099.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a process of the BIOS loading theoperating system and beginning execution of the operating system usingthe CPU on the removable CPU module. Processing begins at 2100. Adetermination is then made as to whether an image of the hibernatedoperating system is available in the local non-volatile storage. If theimage is available, decision 2110 branches to “yes” branch 2120whereupon the BIOS loads the operating system from the non-volatilestorage on the computer system at step 2125. If the image of theoperating system is not available, decision 2110 branches to “no” branch2115 whereupon processing continues at step 2165. At step 2130, the useris prompted as to whether to resume or restart the loaded operatingsystem, and at step 2135, the user's input is received.

A determination is then made as to whether the user has selected torestart the operating system at decision 2140. If the user has selectedto restart the operating system, decision 2140 branches to “yes” branch2145 whereupon processing again continues at step 2165. If the user hasnot selected to restart the operating system but instead has selected toresume the operating system from its last execution point, decision 2140branches to “no” branch 2150 whereupon, at step 2155, the resume entrypoints for the operating system is obtained from the non-volatilestorage on the computer system. At step 2160, the operating systembegins executing from the resume entry point.

At step 2165, the restart entry point is obtained from the non-volatilestorage on the computer system. At step 2170, the operating systembegins executing from the restart entry point.

At step 2175, and the operating system is notified of the CPU'spreviously determined attributes such as the CPU address, the CPUaddressing mode, the data transfer method, etc. Processing subsequentlyends at 2199.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating the state of a computer systemwith and without a CPU module (containing a second CPU) inserted intothe computer system. Computer system 2210 includes BIOS 2245 forperforming basic input/output functions prior to the execution of theoperating system, CPU 2250 for executing instructions to operate thecomputer system, non-volatile storage 2255 for storing installedapplications, and the installed operating system, user settings, etc.,and RAM 2215 for temporary storage while computer system 2210 isoperating. RAM 2215 includes operating system RAM 2200, device driversRAM 2225, I/O configuration RAM 2230, and application RAM 2235.

In addition, computer system 2210 includes module interface 2240, whichis adapted to receive CPU module 2260. CPU module 2260 includes CPU2265, which, after connecting CPU module 2240 to the computer system2210 can begin executing operating system instructions in parallel withthe on-board CPU 2250.

Upon insertion of removable CPU module 2260 into module interface 2240,BIOS 2245 detects the module and notifies the operating system of thepresence of the additional CPU. Initially, the operating system onlydiverted instructions for execution to on-board CPU 2250. Afterinsertion of CPU module 2260, the operating system designates one CPU asthe slave CPU and the other as the master CPU. The operating system thenbegins sending instructions for execution to both CPUs. As shown in thefigure, CPU 2250 has been designated as the master CPU, and CPU 2265 onthe module has been designated as the slave CPU.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating a process for inserting and removinga removable CPU module into and from a computer system containing abuilt-in CPU. Processing begins at 2300 whereupon, at step 2310, a userinserts a removable CPU module into a computer system with an existingCPU.

At step 2315, the BIOS detects the removable CPU module and determines acompatibility between the CPU and computer system. The flowchart in FIG.20 provides more details on the processing that takes place at step2315.

A determination is then made as to whether the CPU was determined to becompatible with the computer system. If this CPU was determined not tobe compatible with the computer system, decision 2320 branches to “no”branch 2330 whereupon, at step 2345, the user is notified that this CPUis incompatible with the computer system. Processing ends at 2399.

If the CPU was determined to be compatible with the computer system,decisions 2320 branches to “yes” branch 2325 whereupon, at step 2335,the BIOS notifies the operating system of the presence of the second CPUand the CPU's attributes.

At step 2340, the operating system accesses the CPU and distributes partof the operating system load to the secondary CPU. The flowchart in FIG.24 provides more details on the processing that takes place at step2340. Subsequently, processing ends at 2399.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating a process of the operating systemaccessing the second CPU and distributing part of the load to thesecondary CPU. Processing begins at 2400 whereupon, at step 2410, theoperating system receives the CPU's attributes from the BIOS, such asthe CPU's access address, the CPU's addressing mode, the CPU's datatransfer method, etc. A determination is then made as to whether amultiple CPU's configuration file corresponding to the current CPUconfiguration exists on the computer system at decision 2415. If themultiple CPU configuration file corresponding to the current CPUconfiguration does not exist, decision 2415 branches to “no” branch 2420whereupon processing continues at step 2450. If the multiple CPUconfiguration file corresponding to the current CPU configurationexists, decision 2415 branches to “yes” branch 2425 whereupon, at step2430, the operating system distributes part of the CPU's instructions tothe local CPU and part of the CPU's instructions to the module CPUaccording to the multiple CPU's configuration file.

A determination is then made as to whether the module CPU is stillpresent at decision 2435. If the module CPU is no longer present,decision 2435 branches to “no” branch 2440 whereupon processingsubsequently ends at 2499. If the module CPU is still present, decision2435 branches to “yes” branch 2445 whereupon processing loops back tostep 2430.

At step 2450, the operating system determines which CPU to designate asa master CPU and which CPU(s) to designate as slave(s). In oneembodiment, the master/slave designations are made according to CPUcapabilities. For example, the most powerful CPU may be designated asthe master CPU.

At step 2455, the operating system determines a distribution of CPUinstructions between the master and slave CPUs. Again, a distributiondetermination may be based on the capabilities of the CPUs. For example,if two CPUs are present and the two CPUs are approximately equal incomputational power, the operating system load may be distributedequally between the two CPUs.

The determined distribution of load between the different CPUs is savedto the multiple CPU configuration file on the computer system. Thisinformation can be retrieved by the operating system later when this CPUconfiguration exists again in the future. Processing subsequentlycontinues to step 2430 where the CPU instructions are distributed to themultiple CPUs according to the determined distribution.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating the state of a computer systemwith and without an operating system/CPU module inserted into thecomputer system. Computer system 2510 includes BIOS 2555 for performingbasic input/output functions prior to the execution of the operatingsystem, non-volatile storage 2560 for storing installed applications,user settings, etc., and RAM 2515 for temporary storage while computersystem 2510 is operating.

In addition, computer system 2510 includes removable operatingsystem/CPU module interface 2565, which is capable of receivingremovable operating system/CPU module 2540. Removable operatingsystem/CPU module 2540 includes operating system running image 2550 innon-volatile storage as well as CPU 2550 for executing operating systeminstructions in order to operate computer system 2510.

Upon insertion of removable operating system/CPU module 2540 intoremovable operating system/CPU module interface 2565, BIOS 2555 loadsoperating system running image 2550 from the non-volatile storage ofremovable operating system/CPU module 2550 into RAM 2515 (operatingsystem RAM 2520) and initiates execution of the operating system usingmodule CPU 2545.

Subsequently, the operating system loads from non-volatile storage 2560any device drivers required for any external devices connected tocomputer system 2510 (device drivers RAM 2525), input/outputconfiguration (I/O configuration RAM 2530), and any requestedapplications (application RAM 2535).

Upon removal of the removable operating system/CPU module 2540 fromcomputer system 2510, the loading process is reversed. The current stateof the operating system is updated on removable operating system/CPUmodule 2540 and application information, I/O configuration, and devicedrivers are updated on non-volatile storage 2560. Upon removal, theremovable operating system/CPU module can be inserted into anothercompatible computer system such that the module's operating system alongwith the CPU can now control and operate the other computer system.

FIG. 26 is a flowchart illustrating a process for inserting and removinga removable operating system/CPU module into and from a computer system.Processing begins at 2600 whereupon, at step 2610, a user inserts aremovable operating system/CPU module into a computer system adapted toreceive the module. The removable operating system/CPU module contains arunning image of an operating system, which is stored on non-volatilestorage on the module, as well as a CPU for executing the operatingsystem instructions.

At step 2612, the BIOS of the computer system detects the removableoperating system/CPU module upon insertion and determines the attributesof the CPU. The flowchart in FIG. 27 provides more details on theprocessing that takes place at step 2612.

A determination is then made as to whether the module is compatible withthe current computer system at decision 2614. If the module isdetermined to be incompatible with the computer system, decision 2614branches to “no” branch 2616 whereupon processing continues at step2628. At step 2628, the user is notified that that module isincompatible with the current computer system.

If the module is determined to be compatible, decision 2614 branches to“yes” branch 2618 whereupon, at step 2620, the BIOS loads the operatingsystem from the module and notifies the operating system of the presenceand attributes of the CPU on the module. FIG. 6 provides more details onthe processing that takes place at step 2620.

At step 2622, the operating system discovers the local devices attachedto this computer. The operating system compares a list containing thedevices prior to the removal of the removable operating system/CPUmodule from this computer system to the currently discovered devices andupdates the list of devices accordingly. The flowchart in FIG. 7provides more details on the processing that takes place at step 2622.

At step 2624, the operating system discovers any remote devices thatwere accessible by the computer system or by the user when the user wasusing a different computer system. The flowchart in FIG. 8 provides moredetails on the processing that takes place at step 2624.

At step 2626, the operating system initializes the applications thatwere hibernated or otherwise suspended prior to the last removal of theremovable operating system/CPU module from the computer system. Theflowchart in FIG. 9 provides more details on the processing that takesplace at step 2626.

At step 2630, the operating system manages the computer system. Theoperating system performs tasks requested by the user or by theexecuting applications. The flowchart in FIG. 10 provides more detailson the processing that takes place at step 2630.

A determination is then made as to whether the user has requestedremoval of the removable operating system/CPU module at decision 2632.If the user has not yet requested removal of the removable operatingsystem/CPU module, decision 2632 branches to “no” branch 2634 and loopsback to step 2630 whereupon the operating system continues to performrequested tasks.

If the user has requested removal of the removable operating system/CPUmodule, decision 2632 branches to “yes” branch 2636 and processingcontinues to step 2638 whereupon the state of the operating system issaved on the removable operating system module. The flowchart in FIG. 11provides more details on the processing that takes place at step 2638.

At step 2640, after all preparations for the removal of the removableoperating system/CPU module have been performed, the user is notified,“It's Safe to Remove Module”, and at step 2642, the user removes theremovable operating system module. Processing ends at 2699.

FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating a process for a BIOS detecting theremovable operating system/CPU module and determining compatibility ofthe operating system and CPU on the module and the computer system.Processing begins at 2700 whereupon, at step 2710, the BIOS detects theinserted operating system/CPU module.

A determination is then made as to whether the removable operatingsystem/CPU module has been inserted in this computer system before. Ifthe removable operating system/CPU module has not been inserted in thiscomputer before, decision 2715 branches to “no” branch 2720 whereuponprocessing continues at step 2730. If the removable operating system/CPUmodule has been inserted in this computer before, decision 2715 branchesto “yes” branch 2725 whereupon a determination is made as to whether afile containing the operating system/CPU information exists on anon-volatile storage on the computer system at decision 2726. If thefile containing CPU information exists on the computer system, decision2726 branches to “yes” branch 2728 whereupon, at step 2730, the filecontaining the CPU information is loaded and CPU information such as theCPU's access address, the CPU's addressing mode, and the CPU's datatransfer method, etc.

If the file containing CPU information does not exist on the computersystem, decision 2726 branches to “no” branch 2729 whereupon, at step2740, the CPU is queried in order to determine the CPU's access address,the CPU's addressing mode, the CPU's data transfer mode, etc. At step2745, compatibility of the operating system with the computer system isdetermined. Processing subsequently ends at 2799.

FIG. 28 is a block diagram illustrating the attachment of a device to acomputer system and the transfer of the device driver from anon-volatile storage on the device to the computer system.

Computer system 2810 comprises CPU 2815 for controlling computer system2810, memory unit 2820 coupled to CPU 2815 for storing data, andcommunications interface 2825 also coupled to CPU 2815 for connectingthe computer system to other external devices.

Device 2830 comprises processor 2845 for controlling device 2830,communications interface 2840 coupled to processor 2845 for connectingdevice 2830 to other devices, and non-volatile storage 2835 also coupledto processor 2845 for storing data.

Device 2830 is an external device such as a printer adapted to connectto computer system 2810 through communications interface 2840 on device2830 and communications interface 2825 on computer system 2810. Tofacilitate the communication, a device driver must first be installed onthe computer system. Typically, the device driver is provided to thecomputer system through a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, a network to which thecomputer system is attached, etc. If the device driver is not available,the device driver will not be functional. Device 2830 can store devicedriver 2850 in non-volatile storage 2835 and, upon connection of device2830 to computer system 2810, device driver 2850 can be provided tocomputer system 2810. If an updated device driver is available oncomputer system 2810, the updated device driver can be transferred fromcomputer system 2810 to device 2830 to replace device driver 2850.

FIG. 29 is a flowchart illustrating a process for attaching a device toa computer system and transferring the device driver from a non-volatilestorage on the device to the computer system. Processing begins at 2900whereupon, at step 2910, a new device is attached to the computersystem. The device is adapted to communicate with the computer systemusing a device driver that must be installed on the computer system. Atstep 2915, the computer system detects the new device. In oneembodiment, a plug-and-play type communication is established betweenthe device and the computer system.

A determination is then made as to whether the device can supply adevice driver from firmware on the device. If the device cannot supplythe appropriate device driver, decision 2920 branches to “yes” branch2930 whereupon, at step 2935, the computer system sends a request for,and receives from the device, the device driver for the new device. Thedevice driver may be received from the device using a standardizeddevice driver communications protocol. Processing then continues at step2945.

If the device cannot provide a device driver, decision 2920 branches to“no” branch 2925 whereupon, at step 2940, the computer system searchesthe local storage devices and/or the network to which the computersystem is connected to obtain a compatible device driver for theattached device.

At step 2945, the new device is registered by the operating system.Information about the device is added, for example, to the systemregistry so that the operating system has a record of the existence ofthe device and the appropriate device driver for the device. At step2950, information about the device and the device driver is added to thelocal device driver configuration file. The device driver configurationfile can be used when restarting or resuming the computer system toobtain a list of the devices connected to the computer system prior tothe last shut down/hibernation of the computer system or upon removal ofthe operating system module. At step 2955, the computer systemestablishes communication with the new device using the installed devicedriver.

FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating the communication in a portablelanguage such as XML of a computer system with a remote device driverregistry server to obtain information about device drivers of devicesstored on the server.

Computer system 3010 is connected to computer network 3030 to whichremote device driver registry server 3015, photo printer 3020, and highresolution scanner 3025, are also connected. In order to establish aconnection between computer system 3018, photo printer 3020, and highresolution scanner 3025, computer system 3010 first establishescommunications with remote device driver registry server 3015. Computersystem 3010 establishes the communication with remote device driverregistry server 3015 using a portable language such as XML, auniversally known language. Remote device driver registry server 3015stores device driver and other information to facilitate thecommunication between computer system 3010 and photo printer 3020 andhigh resolution scanner 3025.

In one embodiment, remote device driver registry server 3015 containstable 3055 and table 3050. Table 3050 contains information about theavailable devices. For example, for each device, table 3055 may containthe network location from where a driver may be downloaded, the device'sinterface definition, the charges associated with usage of the device,and a contact network address. Table 3050 may contain, for example, foreach user, the user's username, the user's password, whether the userhas access to the first device, whether the user has access to thesecond device, etc.

After establishing communication with the remote device driver registryserver 3015, the computer system receives information about theappropriate device. The computer system then establishes communicationwith a device such as photo printer 3020 or high resolution scanner3025.

FIG. 31 is a flowchart illustrating a process for a computer systemcommunicating in a portable language such as XML with a remote devicedriver registry server to obtain information about device drivers ofdevices stored on the server. Processing begins at 3100 whereupon, atstep 3110, a user requests connection to a remote service or device suchas a photo printer for high-quality printing.

At step 3115, a request for the service or device is sent to the remotedevice driver registry server using a portable language such as XML. Theremote device driver registry server can provide authentication for theuser requesting the service or device as well as provide information onthe device driver and the device. The remote device driver registryserver can provide information such as the location of the driver, theinterface definition for communicating with the service or device, theapplicable charges for using the device, a contact address in case ofproblems, etc.

At step 3120, the remote device driver registry server requests the userto provide a user name and a password in order for the remote devicedriver registry server to determine what if any services or drivers areaccessible by the user. A determination is then made as to whether theuser has permission to access the requested service or device atdecision 3125. The remote device driver registry server determines thepermissions by comparing the entered user name and password to a tableof user names and passwords and access permissions maintained on theremote device driver registry server. If the user does not havepermission to access the requested device or service, decision 3125branches to “no” branch 3130 whereupon processing continues at step3145. At step 3145, the user is notified that permission to access therequested device or service has been denied.

If the user does have permission to access the requested service ordevice, decision 3125 branches to “yes” branch 3135 whereupon, at step3140, the computer system establishes communication with the selectedservice or device. The flowchart in FIG. 32 provides more details of theprocessing that takes place at step 3140. Processing subsequently endsat 3199.

FIG. 32 is a flowchart illustrating a process for establishingcommunication between a computer system and a remote service/device.Processing begins at 3200 whereupon, at step 3210, the remote devicedriver registry server sends the properties of the selected devicedriver to the requesting computer system. The communication between theremote device driver registry server and the computer system takes placein a portable language such as XML. At step 3215, the remote devicedriver registry server transmits to the requesting computer system theinterfaces required to communicate with the device driver. Thecommunication between the remote device driver registry server and thecomputer system again takes place in a portable language such as XML.

At step 3220, the requesting computer system saves the receivedinformation associated with the device driver to the device driverconfiguration file for later recall. At step 3230, the requestingcomputer system accesses the device using the interfaces and otherinformation provided to the requesting computer system by the remotedevice driver registry server. Processing subsequently ends at 3299.

FIG. 33 is a block diagram illustrating a removable operating systemmodule containing security devices for preventing unauthorized access tothe device. Removable module 3310 may contain module CPU 3315, operatingsystem running image 3330, and/or module applications 3335.

In addition, removable module 3310 contains means for locking andsecuring the removable module to prevent unauthorized use of theremovable module. Removable module 3310 includes security data 3340,which in combination with, for example, retina scanner 3345, fingerprintscanner 3350, and/or keypad 3355 provides the authentication. Retinascanner 3345 scans a user's retina and compares the scanned image withimages stored in security data 3340 to determine whether the user isauthorized to use removable module 3310. Fingerprint scanner 3350 scansa user's finger and compares the scanned image with images stored insecurity data 3340 to determine whether the user is authorized to useremovable module 3310. Keypad 3355 provides a means for a user to inputa password, which is then compared with passwords stored in securitydata 3340 to determine whether the user is authorized to use removablemodule 3310.

Removable module 3310 also contains locked/unlocked indicator 3325.Locked/unlocked indicator 3325 may include, for example, a red LED toindicate that the module is locked and a green LED to indicate that themodule is unlocked.

Lock button 3320 may be used to lock removable module 3310 at any timeremovable module 3310 is unlocked. In another embodiment, removablemodule 3310 may be automatically locked upon removal from the computersystem, or after a certain time of inactivity or on a time schedule.

FIG. 34 is a flowchart illustrating a process for preventingunauthorized access to a removable operating system module using asecurity device on the module. Processing begins at 3400 whereupon, atstep 3410, the user removes the removable module from the computersystem.

A determination is then made as to whether the module is set toauto-lock upon removal from the computer system at decision 3415. If themodule is set to auto-lock upon removal from the computer system,decision 3415 branches to “yes” branch 3435 whereupon, at step 3440, themodule auto-locks. Processing continues at step 3445. If the module isnot set to auto-lock upon removal from the computer system, decision3415 branches to “no” branch 3420 whereupon a determination is made asto whether the lock button on the module has been pressed at decision3425. If the lock button has been pressed, decision 3425 branches to“yes” branch 3430 whereupon processing continues at step 3445. If thelock button has been pressed, decision 3425 branches to “no” branch 3475whereupon, at step 3480, the module remains unlocked, operable, andready for reinsertion into a computer system.

At step 3445, the module is locked and thus inoperable and not ready foractivation into a computer system. In order to be used again, the modulemust first be unlocked. An indicator on the module indicates that themodule is locked.

A determination is then made as to whether the user is attempting tounlock the module at decision 3450. If the user is not attempting tounlock the module, decision 3450 branches to “no” branch 3452 whereuponprocessing loops back to step 3445 for the module to determine againwhether a user is attempting to unlock the module. If the user isattempting to unlock the module, decision 3450 branches to “yes” branch3454 whereupon, at step 3455, the module performs a user authenticationprocedure to determine whether the user attempting to unlock the modulehas the authority to do so. The flowcharts in FIG. 35, 36 & 37 providemore details of the processing that takes place at step 3455.

A determination is then made as to whether the user has beenauthenticated in decision 3460. If the user was not authenticated,decision 3460 branches to “no” branch 3465 whereupon processing loopsback to step 3455 to wait for another attempt by a user to unlock themodule. If the user was authenticated, decision 3460 branches to “yes”branch 3470 whereupon, at step 3480, the module is now unlocked,operable, and ready for insertion in a computer system. Processingsubsequently ends at 3499.

FIG. 35 is a flowchart illustrating a process for securing a removableoperating system module using a fingerprint scanner 3510 on the module.Processing begins at 3500 whereupon, at step 3510, the module waits forthe presence of a finger on the fingerprint scanner. The fingerprintscanner, which is located on the module, is a security device operableto scan a person's fingerprints for identification and authorizationpurposes.

A determination is then made as to whether a finger is present on thescanner at decision 3515. If a finger is not present on the scanner,decision 3515 branches to “no” branch 3520 whereupon processing loopsback to step 3510 where the module continues to wait for the presence ofa finger on the fingerprint scanner.

If a finger is present at the scanner, decision 3515 branches to “yes”branch 3525 whereupon, at step 3530, the fingerprint scanner isactivated and an image of the fingerprint on the finger is captured. Atstep 3535, a database of authenticated fingerprint images is accessed onthe module. The database, which is stored on the module, contains imagesof fingerprints from users that are authenticated to use the module.

A determination is then made as to whether more fingerprint images existthat have not been compared with the scanned image. If no morefingerprint images that have not been compared exist, decision 3540branches to “no” branch 3550 whereupon, at step 3560, it is determinedthat the user has not been authenticated. Processing then ends at 3599.

If more fingerprint images that have not been compared exist, decision3450 branches to “yes” branch 3455 whereupon, at step 3555, the nextfingerprint image is loaded from the database and compared to thescanned image.

A determination is then made as to whether the fingerprint image fromthe database matches the scanned image at decision 3565. If the imagesdo not match, decision 3565 branches to “no” branch 3570 whereuponprocessing returns to step 3535 to determine whether more images remainin the database that require comparing. If the images do match, decision3565 branches to “yes” branch 3575 whereupon, at step 3580, it isindicated that the user has been authenticated and can now insert anduse the module in a compatible computer system. Processing ends at 3599.

FIG. 36 is a flowchart illustrating a process for securing a removableoperating system module using an eye retina scanner on the module.Processing begins at 3600 whereupon, at step 3610, the module waits forthe presence of an eye in front of the retina scanner. The retinascanner, which is located on the module, is a security device operableto scan a person's retina for identification and authorization purposes.

A determination is then made as to whether a retina is present in frontof the scanner at decision 3615. If a retina is not present at thescanner, decision 3615 branches to “no” branch 3620 whereupon processingloops back to step 3610 where the module continues to wait for thepresence of a retina in front of the retina scanner.

If a retina is present at the scanner, decision 3615 branches to “yes”branch 3625 whereupon, at step 3630, the retina scanner is activated andan image of the retina is captured. At step 3635, a database ofauthenticated retina images is accessed on the module. The database,which is stored on the module, contains images of retina images fromusers that are authenticated to use the module.

A determination is then made as to whether more retina images exist thathave not been compared with the scanned image. If no more retina imagesthat have not been compared exist, decision 3640 branches to “no” branch3650 whereupon, at step 3660, it is determined that the user has notbeen authenticated. Processing then ends at 3699.

If more retina images that have not been compared exist, decision 3650branches to “yes” branch 3655 whereupon, at step 3655, the next retinaimage is loaded from the database and compared to the scanned image.

A determination is then made as to whether the retina image from thedatabase matches the scanned image at decision 3665. If the images donot match, decision 3665 branches to “no” branch 3670 whereuponprocessing returns to step 3635 to determine whether more images remainin the database that require comparing. If the images match, decision3665 branches to “yes” branch 3675 whereupon, at step 3680, it isindicated that the user has been authenticated and can now insert anduse the module in a compatible computer system. Processing ends at 3699.

FIG. 37 is a flowchart illustrating a process for securing a removableoperating system module using a keyboard on the module for entering apassword. Processing begins at 3700 whereupon, at step 3710, the modulewaits for a password to be entered on the keyboard.

A determination is then made as to whether a password has been enteredat decision 3715. If a password has not been entered, decision 3715branches to “no” branch 3720 whereupon processing loops back to step3710 where the module continues to wait for a password.

If a password has been entered, decision 3715 branches to “yes” branch3725 whereupon, at step 3730, the entered password is received. At step3735, a database of authenticated passwords is accessed on the module.The database, which is stored on the module, contains passwords fromusers that are authenticated to use the module.

A determination is then made as to whether more passwords exist thathave not been compared with the entered password. If no more passwordsthat have not been compared exist, decision 3740 branches to “no” branch3750 whereupon, at step 3760, it is determined that the user has notbeen authenticated. Processing then ends at 3799.

If more passwords that have not been compared exist, decision 3450branches to “yes” branch 3455 whereupon, at step 3755, the next passwordis loaded from the database and compared to the entered password.

A determination is then made as to whether the password from thedatabase matches the entered password at decision 3765. If the passwordsdo not match, decision 3765 branches to “no” branch 3770 whereuponprocessing returns to step 3735 to determine whether more passwordsremain in the database that require comparing. If the passwords domatch, decision 3765 branches to “yes” branch 3775 whereupon, at step3780, it is indicated that the user has been authenticated and can nowinsert and use the module in a compatible computer system. Processingends at 3799.

FIG. 38 is a flowchart illustrating a process for preventingunauthorized access to a removable operating system module usingsecurity data provided by the user through the computer system.Processing begins at 3800 whereupon, at step 3810, the user inserts theremovable module into the computer system. At step 3810, the BIOSdetects the removable module and determines whether the module iscompatible with the computer system.

A determination is then made as to whether the module has beensecurity-locked at decision 3814. If the module is not security-locked,decision 3814 branches to “no” branch 3818 whereupon processingcontinues at step 3848. If the module is security-locked, decision 3814branches to “yes” branch 3816 whereupon the user is prompted forsecurity data in order to unlock the module. Security data may be, forexample, passwords, fingerprint scans, retina scans, etc.

A determination is then made as to whether security data has beenprovided at decision 3828. If security has not been provided, decision3824 branches to “no” branch 3828 whereupon processing loops back tostep 3822 where the system waits for security data from the user.

If security data was provided, decision 3824 branches to “yes” branch3836 whereupon, at step 3830, the security data entered by the user isreceived by the system. At step 3832, the database of authenticatedsecurity data on the module is accessed. Authenticated security datastored on the module may be, for example, passwords, fingerprint scans,retina scans, etc.

FIG. 39 is a block diagram illustrating the manufacturing/programming ofa removable module. Manufacturing computer system 3910 includes CPU3920, RAM 3925, and non-volatile storage 3915. Non-volatile storage 3915includes a master copy of the operating system to be installed on theremovable modules.

Manufacturing computer system 3910 also includes interfaces to whichremovable modules 3930, 3935, 3940, and 3945, from removable modulestack 3947, attach and connect to computer system 3910. Afterinstallation of the operating system on computer system 3910, a runningimage of the operating system is transferred from RAM 3925 to each ofthe removable modules 3930, 3935, 3940, . . . , and 3945.

After the operating system has been installed on removable modules 3930,3935, 3940, . . . , and 3945, the removable modules are removed from thecomputer and are now ready for distribution.

FIG. 40 is a flowchart illustrating a process for manufacturing andprogramming operating system modules. Processing begins at 4000whereupon, at step 4010, the operating system is installed on themanufacturing computer system. The operating system installed on thecomputer system is the operating system to be installed on the removableoperating system module. At step 4015, the operating system is executedto obtain a running image of the operating system in memory. Theinstalled operating system will be transferred to the removableoperating system module, and the executed operating system will be usedto obtain state information, resume and restart points, etc.

At step 4020, the manufacturing of removable operating system modulesbegins. A motherboard is obtained having a bus for interconnectingdifferent components, an interface for installing a BIOS connected tothe bus, an interface for installing a processor connected to the bus,an interface for installing non-volatile storage connected to the bus,and a communications interface, connected to the bus, for connecting toa module interface on a computer system.

At step 4030, a BIOS is installed on the BIOS interface on the board.The BIOS is responsible for establishing the initial communicationbetween the module and the module interface on a computer system. Atstep 4035, a processor is installed to the processor interface on theboard. The processor controls the running of the removable operatingsystem module such as communications from the removable operating systemmodule to the computer system as well as communications betweencomponents within the removable operating system module. At step 4040, anon-volatile storage is installed to the non-volatile storage interfaceon the board. The non-volatile storage is used for storing data,generally, as well as storing a running image of the operating systemthat is stored on the removable operating system module.

A determination is then made as to whether more modules are to bemanufactured at decision 4045. If more modules are to be manufactured,decision 4045 branches to “yes” branch 4050 whereupon processing returnsto step 4020 where the manufacturing of another removable operatingsystem module begins. If no more removable operating system modules areto be manufactured, decision 4045 branches to “no” branch 4055whereupon, at step 4060, the set of manufactured removable operatingsystem modules is inserted into the manufacturing computer system. Themanufacturing computer system may have a number of interfaces adapted toconnect to the removable operating system module to facilitate theloading of the operating system onto several removable operating systemmodules at the same time.

At step 4070, a running image of the operating system running on themanufacturing computer system is loaded onto the removable operatingsystem modules that are attached to the manufacturing computer system.The operating system is transferred into the non-volatile storage of theremovable operating system modules.

A determination is then made as to whether more modules exist thatrequire a loading of the operating system at decision 4080. If moreremovable operating system modules requiring loading of the operatingsystem exist, decision 4080 branches to “yes” branch 4085 whereuponprocessing loops back to step 4060 where another set of removableoperating system modules is inserted into the manufacturing computersystem. If there are no more removable operating system modulesrequiring loading of the operating system, decision 4080 branches to“no” branch 4090 whereupon processing ends at 4099.

FIG. 41 is a flowchart illustrating a process of a user programming anoperating system module using a running operating system installationfile. Processing begins at 4100 whereupon, at step 4110, a user boots upa computer system. At step 4115, the user, using the computer system,connects to the operating system's manufacturer's website. At thewebsite, the user requests to purchase and download a file in order toinstall an operating system on a removable operating system module.

At step 4120, the user navigates to a purchasing webpage where the user,using a credit card, purchases the operating system. At step 4125, theuser downloads and receives the purchased operating system in the formof an installable image.

A determination is then made as to whether the computer system includesa removable operating system module interface for connecting a removableoperating system module to the computer system at decision 4130. If thecomputer system does not include a removable operating system moduleinterface, decision 4130 branches to “no” branch 4134 whereupon, at step4140, a removable operating system module interface is attached to thecomputer system. Processing then continues at step 4150.

If the computer system does include a removable operating system moduleinterface, decision 4130 branches to “yes” branch 4150 whereupon, atstep 4150, a removable operating system module is inserted into theremovable operating system module interface. At step 4160, the insertedremovable operating system module is detected by the computer system andinstalled.

At step 4170, the user executes the downloaded operating systemexecutable to begin installing the purchased operating system. Whenprompted, the user selects the removable operating system module as theplace to install the purchased operating system. After installation iscomplete, the user restarts the computer system, choosing to restart thecomputer system using the newly installed operating system image at step4180. The installed operating system image may be a running image.

At step 4185, the user executes the removable operating system moduleremoval application in order to save the status of the operating systemand executing applications on the non-volatile storage of the removableoperating system module and then removes the removable operating systemmodule from the removable operating system module interface. Processingends at 4199.

FIG. 42 is a flowchart illustrating a process of a user updating anoperating system module using a running operating system updateinstallation file. Processing begins at 4200 whereupon, at step 4210,the user inserts a removable operating system module into a computersystem having a removable operating system module interface adapted toreceive the removable operating system module. At step 4215, theremovable operating system module is detected by the BIOS of thecomputer system, and the operating system is loaded from thenon-volatile storage of the removable operating system module.

At step 4220, the user connects to the operating system's manufacturer'swebsite and requests an update to the operating system. A determinationis then made as to whether the update will be provided for free atdecision 4225. If the update will not be provided for free, decision4225 branches to “no” branch 4230 whereupon, at step 4255, the userpurchases the update using a credit card. Processing continues at step4240.

If the update will be provided for free, decision 4225 branches to “yes”branch 4240 whereupon, at step 4240, the user downloads and receives thepurchased operating system update executable from the operating system'smanufacturer's website. At step 4245, the user executes the downloadedoperating system update, and at step 4250, the operating system on theremovable operating system module is updated.

At step 4260, the computer is rebooted, and at step 4265, the updatedoperating system is loaded from the removable operating system moduleand is ready for use, in its updated form, by the user. Processing endsat 4299.

FIG. 43 is a block diagram illustrating a personal computer having amodule interface.

Computer system 4310 is initially manufactured to include BIOS 4325,non-volatile storage 4320, memory 4315, and additional device 4330,which contains the device's device driver 4335.

Module interface 4350 is also attached to the computer system in orderto be able to connect a removable module to computer system 4350.

FIG. 44 is a flowchart illustrating a process for manufacturing apersonal computer having a module interface and a module with differentconfiguration options attached to the module interface. Processingbegins at 4400 whereupon, at step 4410, the manufacturing of a computersystem begins.

At step 4415, a motherboard is obtained having a bus for interconnectingvarious components, an interface for installing a BIOS connected to thebus, an interface for installing a CPU connected to the bus, aninterface for installing a RAM unit connected to the bus, an interfacefor attaching a non-volatile storage connected to the bus, and aninterface for attaching additional devices also connected to the bus.

At step 4420, a BIOS is installed on the BIOS interface on themotherboard. The BIOS enables the computer system to perform basicinput/output prior to the loading of the operating system and then toload the operating system. At step 4425, a RAM unit is attached to theRAM unit interface on the motherboard. The RAM unit serves as atemporary fast memory while the computer system is running. At step4430, non-volatile storage is attached to the non-volatile storageinterface on the motherboard. The non-volatile storage serves aspermanent storage for the installation of the operating system,applications, etc.

At step 4435, a module interface is attached and connected to the bus ofthe computer system. The module interface is adapted to receive aremovable module and to connect the removable module to the computersystem through the bus.

At step 4440, a module is obtained having non-volatile storage andadapted to receive a modular CPU, and/or modular applications stored inthe non-volatile storage, and/or one or more modular operating systemsalso stored in the non-volatile storage. The module is adapted toconnect to the computer system by attaching the module to the moduleinterface of the computer system.

At step 4445, one or more operating systems are installed on thecomputer system and/or on the removable module. The flowchart in FIG. 45describes in more detail the processing that takes place at step 4445.

At step 4460, one or more applications are installed on the computersystem and/or on the removable module. The flowchart in FIG. 46describes in more detail the processing that takes place at step 4460.

At step 4465, one or more CPU's are installed on the computer systemand/or on the removable module. The flowchart in FIG. 47 describes inmore detail the processing that takes place at step 4465. Processingends at 4499

FIG. 45 is a flowchart illustrating a process for installing operatingsystem(s) on the computer system and/or the module. Processing begins at4510 whereupon a determination is then made as to whether more operatingsystems are to be installed either on the computer system or on theremovable module at decision 4510. If there are no more operatingsystems to be installed, decision 4510 branches to “no” branch 4520whereupon processing ends at 4599.

If there are more operating systems to be installed, decision 4510branches to “yes” branch 4515 whereupon another determination is made asto whether to install the next operating system on both the non-volatilestorage of the removable module and on the non-volatile storage of thecomputer system at decision 4525. If the operating system is to beinstalled on both the non-volatile storage of the removable module andon the non-volatile storage of the computer system, decision 4525branches to “yes” branch 4530 whereupon at step 4570 the operatingsystem is installed on the non-volatile storage on the motherboard ofthe computer system. At step 4575, a running image of the operatingsystem is installed on the non-volatile storage on the module.Processing then loops back to decision 4510 to determine whether thereare more operating systems to be installed.

If the operating system is not to be installed on both the non-volatilestorage of the removable module and on the non-volatile storage of thecomputer system, decision 4525 branches to “no” branch 4535 whereuponanother determination is made as to whether to install the operatingsystem on the non-volatile storage on the motherboard of the computersystem at decision 4540. If the operating system is to be installed onthe non-volatile storage on the motherboard of the computer system,decision 4545 branches to “yes” branch 4545 whereupon, at step 4580, theoperating system is installed on the non-volatile storage of thecomputer system.

If the operating system is to not be installed on the non-volatilestorage on the motherboard of the computer system, decision 4545branches to “no” branch 4550 whereupon another determination is made asto whether to install the operating system on the non-volatile storageof the removable module at decision 4540. If the operating system is tobe installed on the non-volatile storage of the module, decision 4545branches to “yes” branch 4560 whereupon, at step 4585, a running imageof the operating system is installed on the non-volatile storage on theremovable module.

If the operating system is to not be installed on the non-volatilestorage of the module, decision 4545 branches to “no” branch 4565whereupon processing loops back to decision 4510 to determine whethermore operating systems are to be installed on the computer system and/orthe removable module.

FIG. 46 is a flowchart illustrating a process for installingapplication(s) on the computer system and/or the module. Processingbegins at 4610 whereupon a determination is then made as to whether moreapplications are to be installed either on the computer system or on theremovable module at decision 4610. If there are no more applications tobe installed, decision 4610 branches to “no” branch 4620 whereuponprocessing ends at 4699.

If there are more applications to be installed, decision 4610 branchesto “yes” branch 4615 whereupon another determination is made as towhether to install the next application on both the non-volatile storageof the removable module and on the non-volatile storage of the computersystem at decision 4625. If the application is to be installed on boththe non-volatile storage of the removable module and on the non-volatilestorage of the computer system, decision 4625 branches to “yes” branch4630 whereupon at step 4670 the application is installed on thenon-volatile storage on the motherboard of the computer system. At step4675, a running image of the application is installed on thenon-volatile storage on the module. Processing then loops back todecision 4610 to determine whether there are more applications to beinstalled.

If the application is not to be installed on both the non-volatilestorage of the removable module and on the non-volatile storage of thecomputer system, decision 4625 branches to “no” branch 4635 whereuponanother determination is made as to whether to install the applicationon the non-volatile storage on the motherboard of the computer system atdecision 4640. If the application is to be installed on the non-volatilestorage on the motherboard of the computer system, decision 4645branches to “yes” branch 4645 whereupon, at step 4680, the applicationsis installed on the non-volatile storage of the computer system.

If the application is to not be installed on the non-volatile storage onthe motherboard of the computer system, decision 4645 branches to “no”branch 4650 whereupon another determination is made as to whether toinstall the application on the non-volatile storage of the removablemodule at decision 4640. If the application is to be installed on thenon-volatile storage of the module, decision 4645 branches to “yes”branch 4660 whereupon, at step 4685, a running image of the applicationis installed on the non-volatile storage on the removable module.

If the application is to not be installed on the non-volatile storage ofthe module, decision 4645 branches to “no”¹ branch 4665 whereuponprocessing loops back to decision 4610 to determine whether moreapplications are to be installed on the computer system and/or theremovable module.

FIG. 47 is a flowchart illustrating a process for installing CPU(s) onthe computer system and/or the module. Processing begins at 4710whereupon a determination is then made as to whether more CPUs are to beinstalled either on the computer system or on the removable module atdecision 4710. If there are no more CPUs to be installed, decision 4710branches to “no” branch 4720 whereupon processing ends at 4799.

If there are more CPUs to be installed, decision 4710 branches to “yes”branch 4715 whereupon another determination is made as to whether toinstall the next CPU on both the removable module and on the computersystem at decision 4725. If the CPU is to be installed on both theremovable module and on the computer system, decision 4725 branches to“yes” branch 4730 whereupon at step 4770 the CPU is installed on themotherboard of the computer system. At step 4775, the CPU is installedon the module. Processing then loops back to decision 4710 to determinewhether there are more CPUs to be installed.

If the CPU is not to be installed on both the removable module and onthe computer system, decision 4725 branches to “no” branch 4735whereupon another determination is made as to whether to install the CPUon the motherboard of the computer system at decision 4740. If the CPUis to be installed on the motherboard of the computer system, decision4745 branches to “yes” branch 4745 whereupon, at step 4780, the CPU isinstalled on the computer system.

If the CPU is to not be installed on the motherboard of the computersystem, decision 4745 branches to “no” branch 4750 whereupon anotherdetermination is made as to whether to install the CPU on the removablemodule at decision 4740. If the CPU is to be installed on the module,decision 4745 branches to “yes” branch 4760 whereupon, at step 4785, theCPU is installed on the removable module.

If the CPU is not to be installed on the module, decision 4745 branchesto “no” branch 4765 whereupon processing loops back to decision 4710 todetermine whether more CPUs are to be installed on the computer systemand/or the removable module.

FIG. 48 is a block diagram illustrating an information handling systemthat is a simplified example of a computer system capable of performingthe operations described herein.

FIG. 48 illustrates information handling system 4801 which is asimplified example of a computer system capable of performing thecomputing operations described herein. Computer system 4801 includesprocessor 4800 which is coupled to host bus 4802. A level two (L2) cachememory 4804 is also coupled to host bus 4802. Host-to-PCI bridge 4806 iscoupled to main memory 4808, includes cache memory and main memorycontrol functions, and provides bus control to handle transfers amongPCI bus 4810, processor 4800, L2 cache 4804, main memory 4808, and hostbus 4802. Main memory 4808 is coupled to Host-to-PCI bridge 4806 as wellas host bus 4802. Devices used solely by host processor(s) 4800, such asLAN card 4830, are coupled to PCI bus 4810. Service Processor Interfaceand ISA Access Pass-through 4812 provides an interface between PCI bus4810 and PCI bus 4814. In this manner, PCI bus 4814 is insulated fromPCI bus 4810. Devices, such as flash memory 4818, are coupled to PCI bus4814. In one implementation, flash memory 4818 includes BIOS code thatincorporates the necessary processor executable code for a variety oflow-level system functions and system boot functions.

PCI bus 4814 provides an interface for a variety of devices that areshared by host processor(s) 4800 and Service Processor 4816 including,for example, flash memory 4818. PCI-to-ISA bridge 4835 provides buscontrol to handle transfers between PCI bus 4814 and ISA bus 4840,universal serial bus (USB) functionality 4845, power managementfunctionality 4855, and can include other functional elements not shown,such as a real-time clock (RTC), DMA control, interrupt support, andsystem management bus support. Nonvolatile RAM 4820 is attached to ISABus 4840. Service Processor 4816 includes JTAG and 12C buses 4822 forcommunication with processor(s) 4800 during initialization steps.JTAG/I2C buses 4822 are also coupled to L2 cache 4804, Host-to-PCIbridge 4806, and main memory 4808 providing a communications pathbetween the processor, the Service Processor, the L2 cache, theHost-to-PCI bridge, and the main memory. Service Processor 4816 also hasaccess to system power resources for powering down information handlingdevice 4801.

Peripheral devices and input/output (I/O) devices can be attached tovarious interfaces (e.g., parallel interface 4862, serial interface4864, keyboard interface 4868, and mouse interface 4870 coupled to ISAbus 4840). Alternatively, many I/O devices can be accommodated by asuper I/O controller (not shown) attached to ISA bus 4840.

In order to attach computer system 4801 to another computer system tocopy files over a network, LAN card 4830 is coupled to PCI bus 4810.Similarly, to connect computer system 4801 to an ISP to connect to theInternet using a telephone line connection, modem 4875 is connected toserial port 4864 and PCI-to-ISA Bridge 4835.

While the computer system described in FIG. 48 is capable of executingthe processes described herein, this computer system is simply oneexample of a computer system. Those skilled in the art will appreciatethat many other computer system designs are capable of performing theprocesses described herein.

One of the preferred implementations of the invention is an application,namely, a set of instructions (program code) in a code module which may,for example, be resident in the random access memory of the computer.Until required by the computer, the set of instructions may be stored inanother computer memory, for example, on a hard disk drive, or inremovable storage such as an optical disk (for eventual use in a CD ROM)or floppy disk (for eventual use in a floppy disk drive), or downloadedvia the Internet or other computer network. Thus, the present inventionmay be implemented as a computer program product for use in a computer.In addition, although the various methods described are convenientlyimplemented in a general purpose computer selectively activated orreconfigured by software, one of ordinary skill in the art would alsorecognize that such methods may be carried out in hardware, in firmware,or in more specialized apparatus constructed to perform the requiredmethod steps.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shownand described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that,based upon the teachings herein, changes and modifications may be madewithout departing from this invention and its broader aspects and,therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope allsuch changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scopeof this invention. Furthermore, it is to be understood that theinvention is solely defined by the appended claims. It will beunderstood by those with skill in the art that if a specific number ofan introduced claim element is intended, such intent will be explicitlyrecited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no suchlimitation is present. For a non-limiting example, as an aid tounderstanding, the following appended claims contain usage of theintroductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claimelements. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed toimply that the introduction of a claim element by the indefinitearticles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing suchintroduced claim element to inventions containing only one such element,even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more”or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an”; the sameholds true for the use in the claims of definite articles.

1. A method for executing CPU instructions, the method comprising:inserting a removable CPU module into a computer system, wherein theremovable CPU module comprises at least one processor; detecting, at thecomputer system, the insertion of the removable CPU module; loading anoperating system in response to the detection; and executing theoperating system using the processor located on the removable CPUmodule.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining anaccess address of the processor; determining an addressing mode of theprocessor; and determining a data transfer mode of the processor.
 3. Themethod of claim 2, further comprising: loading, from a nonvolatilestorage located on the removable CPU module, the access address of theprocessor, the addressing mode of the processor, and the data transfermode of the processor.
 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:notifying the operating system of the processor's access address, theprocessor's addressing mode, and the processor's data transfer mode. 5.The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting comprises a BIOS of thecomputer system detecting the removable CPU module.
 6. The method ofclaim 5, wherein the loading comprises: the BIOS of the computer systemloading the operating system in response to the detection of theremovable CPU module; and initiating the execution of the operatingsystem by the BIOS.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving a request to remove the removable CPU module; saving a stateof the operating system; and removing the removable CPU module.
 8. Themethod of claim 7, further comprising: storing, on a nonvolatile memoryincluded in the removable CPU module, an access address of theprocessor, an addressing mode of the processor, and a data transfer modeof the processor.
 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:determining a compatibility of the processor with the operating system;and wherein the loading and executing are performed in response to thedetermination that the processor and operating system are compatible.10. An information handling system method comprising: a bus; a memoryunit connected to the bus, wherein the memory unit stores an executingoperating system; a removable CPU module interface connected to the busand adapted to receive a removable CPU module; and a removable CPUmodule, wherein the removable CPU module comprises at least oneprocessor, wherein the operating system executes using the processorlocated on the removable CPU module.
 11. The information handling systemof claim 10, further comprising a detection tool adapted to: determinean access address of the processor; determine an addressing mode of theprocessor; and determine a data transfer mode of the processor.
 12. Theinformation handling system of claim 11, wherein the detection tool isfurther adapted to load, from a nonvolatile storage located on theremovable CPU module, the access address of the processor, theaddressing mode of the processor, and the data transfer mode of theprocessor.
 13. The information handling system of claim 11, wherein thedetection tool is further adapted to notify the operating system of theprocessor's access address, the processor's addressing mode, and theprocessor's data transfer mode.
 14. The information handling system ofclaim 11, wherein the detection tool is a BIOS.
 15. The informationhandling system of claim 14, wherein the detection tool is furtheradapted to: load the operating system in response to detecting theremovable CPU module; and initiate the execution of the operatingsystem.
 16. The information handling system of claim 11, wherein thedetection tool is further adapted to: receive a request to remove theremovable CPU module; save a state of the operating system; andfacilitate a removal of the removable CPU module.
 17. The informationhandling system of claim 16, wherein the detection tool is furtheradapted to store, on a nonvolatile memory of the removable CPU module,an access address of the processor, an addressing mode of the processor,and a data transfer mode of the processor.
 18. The information handlingsystem of claim 11, wherein the detection tool is further adapted to:determine a compatibility of the processor with the operating system;and wherein the detection tool is adapted to load and execute inresponse to the detection tool's determining that the processor andoperating system are compatible.
 19. A computer program product on acomputer operable media, the computer program product comprising: meansfor communicating with a removable CPU module, wherein the removable CPUmodule comprises at least one processor; means for detecting theremovable CPU module; means for loading an operating system in responseto the detection; and means for executing the operating system using theprocessor located on the removable CPU module.
 20. The computer programproduct of claim 19, further comprising: means for determining an accessaddress of the processor; means for determining an addressing mode ofthe processor; and means for determining a data transfer mode of theprocessor.
 21. The computer program product of claim 20, furthercomprising: means for loading, from a nonvolatile storage located on theremovable CPU module, the access address of the processor, theaddressing mode of the processor, and the data transfer mode of theprocessor.
 22. The computer program product of claim 20, furthercomprising: means for notifying the operating system of the processor'saccess address, the processor's addressing mode, and the processor'sdata transfer mode.
 23. The computer program product of claim 19,wherein the means for detecting comprises means for communicating with aBIOS of a computer system, wherein the BIOS is adapted to detect theremovable CPU module.
 24. The computer program product of claim 23,wherein the BIOS is further adapted to: load the operating system inresponse to detecting the removable CPU module; and initiate theexecution of the operating system.
 25. The computer program product ofclaim 19, further comprising: means for receiving a request to removethe removable CPU module; means for saving a state of the operatingsystem; and means for facilitating removal of the removable CPU module.26. The computer program product of claim 25, further comprising: meansfor storing, on a nonvolatile memory included in the removable CPUmodule, an access address of the processor, an addressing mode of theprocessor, and a data transfer mode of the processor.
 27. The computerprogram product of claim 19, further comprising: means for determining acompatibility of the processor with the operating system; and whereinthe computer program product loads and executes only in response todetermining a compatibility between the processor and the operatingsystem.